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Teorias conspiratórias racistas sobre imigrantes dominam o ciclo eleitoral

I n recent weeks, racist conspiracy theories about immigrants have dominated the 4️⃣ election cycle. High-ranking Republicans have doubled down on unsubstantiated rumors about Black and brown migrants, tapping into anxieties that immigrants 4️⃣ are responsible for increased crime in BR cities.

During last week's presidential debate, Donald Trump echoed a baseless claim that Haitian 4️⃣ immigrants in Springfield, Ohio, were eating pets. "In Springfield, they're eating the dogs. The people that came in. They're eating 4️⃣ the cats. They're eating – they're eating the pets of the people that live there," the Republican nominee said.

And in 4️⃣ response to a question about high costs of living, Trump alluded to viral rumors that members of the Venezuelan gang 4️⃣ Tren de Aragua were taking over a Colorado apartment complex. "You look at Aurora in Colorado. They are taking over 4️⃣ the towns. They're taking over buildings. They're going in violently."

Both claims are completely untrue.

Desinformação e xenofobia

Experts argue that the spread 4️⃣ of such disinformation amplifies existing xenophobic beliefs within the American psyche as a means of political gain. "It's so dangerous 4️⃣ when people with a platform are repeating these very fabricated rumors," said Gladis Ibarra, co-executive director of the Colorado Immigrant 4️⃣ Rights Coalition. "These are very much part of a large coordinated strategy to continue to demonize our immigrant neighbors. It's 4️⃣ undermining the values of our nation and historically what people have said this nation stands for."

Misinformation (inaccurate information that is 4️⃣ spread unknowingly) and disinformation (false information that is meant to mislead) are widely shared via social media platforms, despite a 4️⃣ push for fact checking and accuracy since the 2024 presidential election. The phenomenon of inaccurate news still occurs at alarming 4️⃣ rates as people's online algorithms are largely driven by their political biases.

Jeffrey Layne Blevins, a journalism professor at the University 4️⃣ of Cincinnati, states that rightwing figures share disinformation in hopes of "outraging people on the political right", especially during an 4️⃣ election cycle. Such content is accepted as truth by those online who already share rightwing beliefs themselves. "It creates an 4️⃣ echo chamber of sorts," he said. "When public figures who share your political beliefs post content like this – people 4️⃣ are more likely to accept it at face value."

Imigrantes como bode expiatório

Republicans at all levels of government have linked immigrants 4️⃣ to instances of violent crime, including drug smuggling and assault. During his campaign for the 2024 presidential election, Trump claimed 4️⃣ Mexicans crossing the BR southern border were "rapists", "bringing drugs, bringing crime". He began the construction of a wall along 4️⃣ the border – among other anti-immigrant policies – to deter "large sacks of drugs [from being thrown] over". During this 4️⃣ election cycle, Trump has said that undocumented people are "animals" who are "poisoning the blood of our country", despite immigrants 4️⃣ being significantly less likely to commit crimes than US-born citizens.

The demonization of immigrants is a repeated move by lawmakers to 4️⃣ secure votes, said Germán Cadenas, an associate professor at Rutgers University who specializes in the psychology of immigration. "Immigration is 4️⃣ really not as divisive as some politicians are trying to make it out to be," he said, as 64% of 4️⃣ Americans believe immigration is beneficial for the country. "It's a tactic that has been used historically to mobilize voters who 4️⃣ feel threatened."

História de políticas anti-imigrantes

For centuries, Cadenas said, politicians built policy around the stereotype that immigrants are a "threat" to 4️⃣ BR identity and safety. Anti-immigration laws such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the 1924 Immigration Act were 4️⃣ among the first to curtail BR immigration based on nationality. The Chinese Exclusion Act came largely after high-ranking union members 4️⃣ warned of a "Chinese invasion" that would steal white, American jobs. Similarly, BR senators advised their fellow legislators to "shut 4️⃣ the door" on immigrants as a migrating population would "encroach upon the reserve and virgin resources" of the US, before 4️⃣ the passage of the 1924 Immigration Act.

Fast forward to the early 2000s, as states such as Arizona passed laws allowing 4️⃣ local law enforcement to target anyone they believed was in the country without documentation. Arizona Republicans called arriving undocumented people 4️⃣ an "invasion that must be stopped" and a "national security threat", a political tactic to encourage support of the controversial 4️⃣ bill.

Politicians also attempt to etch out a voting bloc by passing anti-immigrant policies. "Historically, these stereotypes, these falsehoods, have [then] 4️⃣ been used to mobilize voters to elect policymakers who are going to make anti-immigrant laws and policies."

Consequências da desinformação

Disinformation about 4️⃣ immigrants has consequences, Cadenas and Ibarra said. "Across the nation, a number of states have an 'anti-immigrant policy climate'," Cadenas 4️⃣ said, meaning those states pass laws that make the lives of immigrants harder.

"A small minority of folks who are threatened 4️⃣ by immigration are electing policymakers who are crafting policies that are negative towards immigrants," he added "These policies trickle down 4️⃣ to housing. They trickle down to the way that authorities deal with immigration at the local level. These policies trickle 4️⃣ down to healthcare and the kinds of access to health and mental health that immigrants have."

In Aurora, Venezuelan residents of 4️⃣ the aforementioned apartment complex have said they feel unsafe after the rumors of a gang takeover and they fear being 4️⃣ stereotyped as criminals.

Springfield has received more than 33 bomb threats since Trump's statements at the debate. Its city hall was 4️⃣ evacuated, along with some local schools. Springfield hospitals are also on alert, and Haitian immigrants say they have received several 4️⃣ threats.

"People that are hardworking, contributing to our communities, are not the danger, Ibarra said. "The danger is all of these 4️⃣ violent ideologies that are being fueled by the people that repeat these lies, by the people that go on social 4️⃣ media and on TV and continue to repeat them."